Tugas Komputasi

1. Apa yang dimaksud dengan komputasi?

Komputasi sebetulnya bisa diartikan sebagai cara untuk menemukan pemecahan masalah dari data input dengan menggunakan suatu algoritma. Hal ini ialah apa yang disebut dengan teori komputasi, suatu sub-bidang dari ilmu komputer dan matematika. Selama ribuan tahun, perhitungan dan komputasi umumnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan pena dan kertas, atau kapur dan batu tulis, atau dikerjakan secara mental, kadang-kadang dengan bantuan suatu tabel. Namun sekarang, kebanyakan komputasi telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan komputer.

2. Teori Komputasi

Teori komputasi adalah cabang ilmu komputer dan matematika yang membahas apakah dan bagaimanakah suatu masalah dapat dipecahkan pada model komputasi, menggunakan algoritma. Bidang ini dibagi menjadi dua cabang: teori komputabilitas dan teori kompleksitas, namun kedua cabang berurusan dengan model formal komputasi.

3. Contoh/implementasi Komputasi dalam bidang Teknik Informatik(TI)




Ilmuwan komputer bekerja dengan abstraksi matematika dari komputer yang dinamakan model komputasi. Ada beberapa model yang digunakan, namun yang paling umum dipelajari adalah mesin Turing. Sebuah mesin Turing dapat dipikirkan sebagai komputer pribadi meja dengan kapasitas memori yang tak terhingga, namun hanya dapat diakses dalam bagian-bagian terpisah dan diskret. Ilmuwan komputer mempelajari mesin Turing karena mudah dirumuskan, dianalisis dan digunakan untuk pembuktian, dan karena mesin ini mewakili model komputasi yang dianggap sebagai model paling masuk akal yang paling ampuh yang dimungkinkan. Kapasitas memori tidak terbatas mungkin terlihat sebagai sifat yang tidak mungkin terwujudkan, namun setiap permasalahan yang "terputuskan" (decidable) yang dipecahkan oleh mesin Turing selalu hanya akan memerlukan jumlah memori terhingga. Jadi pada dasarnya setiap masalah yang dapat dipecahkan (diputuskan) oleh meisn Turing dapat dipecahkan oleh komputer yang memiliki jumlah memori terbatas.



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5 most unique and Strange Cars in the World

1. Car flatest in the World Powered Jet



The flat car will put the Guinness Book of Records as the most flat vehicle aka flat world. How flat? This car is only 19 inches high.

Creator Perry Watkins also pair turbine jet engine in the back of his car. Whether the car is legal or not is used on the streets.

2. Colim: Caravans are Compatible



This vehicle was designed by Christian Susana which is the result of crossbreeding a car and caravan for camping. The facade can be removed-dislodged, if it is not for camping, dam into a car with two passenger seats. Perhaps the strange appearance, but its flexibility was amazing.

3. World's Longest Limousine



This limousine total length of 30 meters. Has 26 tires, room for many passengers, heated Jacuzzi, sun bathing deck, several bed and a helipad !!!

4. Peel 50: World's Smallest Car



This three-wheeled car broke the record as the smallest car in the world to be produced and ready to weave in a traffic jam roads in the UK.

5. Evolution: Super Economical Cars



Different from economical cars in general, the concept is not such a hybird car, but the weight of just 450 kg.

Its speed reaches 160 km / h with a 2-cylinder turbo diesel engine. The door is unique because it is not located on the sides but uses a wing at the front door.

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10 LANDSCAPE SEA BEAUTIFUL AND UNIQUE IN THE WORLD

1. The meeting of the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea in Eleuthera Island, Bahamas



Eleuthera is one of several islands located in the Bahamas, approximately 80 km east of the capital, Nassau. The length of the island is about 180 km width is only about 1.6 km (1 mile) at its widest point. Light blue water of the Caribbean Sea shallow at one side of the island stands out in contrast with the blue of the Atlantic Ocean that it thousands of feet. One of the best places to see the contrast between the color of this extraordinary ocean is in Bridge Glass Window Bridge.

This bridge is one of the few places on earth where you can compare the blue of the Atlantic Ocean on one side of the road and green turquoise waters of the Caribbean Sea on the other, separated by a strip of stone that only 10 m wide. Above the natural stone bridges, concrete bridges have been built connecting the dots north and south Eleuthera by a paved road. Glass Window Bridge is one of the most visited places on the island.

For centuries, there is a natural stone bridge as a link between the north and south Eleuthera. Then in the 1940s, several storms that come in succession, destroying the natural bridge and concrete bridge was built as a replacement. For decades, the bridge is still functional with periodic repair, but a storm in 1992 and 1999 caused significant damage to the bridge. After Hurricane Floyd in 1999, practically nothing is original anymore of this window Glasgow bridge. Although the bridge was repaired and the Queen Highway re-connected within a few months, geography Eleuthera changed forever. Even after a decade, the workers keep busy strengthening the shoreline to re-open the road asphalt highly eroded.

2. Meets The Baltic Sea and the North Sea, Denmark / Sweden



In the resort town of Skagen you can watch an amazing natural phenomenon. This city is the northernmost point of Denmark, where the Baltic Sea and North Sea meet. Two pairs of opposite at this place can not join because they have a different density and salinity. The area where the sea meets the Baltic and the North Sea is shallow enough so that the contact surface is relatively small. Of course there is some mixing but very minimal.

This is also helped by the fact that the Baltic is not a post that makes the most of the water is in the basin of the Baltic and the water is constantly reduced salinity by rivers flowing into the Baltic. If not for a small hole into the North Sea, the Baltic will become the giant freshwater lake. Contact area is a nice sight to behold.

3. Horizontal Falls, Australia



Horizontal or Horizontal Waterfalls (nicknamed "Horries") is the name given to a natural phenomenon on the beach in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

Despite its name, is a waterfall Horizontal, however this is a fast-moving tidal flow through a narrow slit, which connects the two canyons of McLarty Range, located in Talbot Bay. Reversed flow direction with every change of tide. When the tide in Kimberley reaches 10 meters, then the resulting significant difference in sea level on both sides of each canyon.

Canyons north (near the sea) in width is 20 meters and the southern canyon (more inland) width of 12 meters. This part of the canyon is also partly fed by fresh water from Poulton Creek.

4. Channels In The Great Barrier Reef, Australia



The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world, consisting of nearly 3,000 individual reefs and 920 islands stretching along more than 2,650 kilometers over an area of approximately 345,000 square kilometers. Coral Reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, Australia.

The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest single structure made by living organisms and can be seen from outer space. Reef structure is composed of and built by billions of tiny organisms, known as coral polyps. It supports tremendous biodiversity and declared a World Heritage Site in 1981. It is one of the seven natural wonders of the world.

Canals or channels that are visible in the image above, separated from Hardy Reef Hook Reef, a small reef which is owned by the Great Barrier Reef. This channel is often photographed from the air and an important location for scuba divers.

5. "Waterfall Underwater", Mauritius



Mauritius is an island nation officially called the Republic of Mauritius, or in French, République de Maurice, which is located in the Indian Ocean about 2,000 miles off the southeast coast of the African continent. An illusion of interest can be found in the western tip of the island. When viewed from the air, a sand and silt runoff create the illusion of an underwater waterfall. This deceptive visual impression will actually look when viewed from above. In fact, this illusion can be viewed in Google Earth.

6. The Great Blue Hole, Belize



Great Blue Hole is a large underwater sinkhole off the coast of Belize. It is located near the center of Lighthouse Reef, a small atoll 70 miles from the mainland and Belize City. Hole is circular in shape, with a diameter of 300m across and 124m depth. Great Blue Hole is part of the Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

It is a popular place among recreational divers, who are lured by the chance to dive in the crystal clear water and filled with several species of fish, including giant grouper, nurse sharks and several types of reef shark Caribbean reef shark and shark Blacktip.

7. Ball's Pyramid, Australia



Ball's Pyramid is the rest of the erosion shield volcano and caldera. Ball's Pyramid is located at 20 kilometers (12 miles) southeast of Lord Howe Island in the Pacific Ocean. Ball's Pyramid height 562 meters, while the length of 1,100 meters and a width of only 300 meters, thus making it the world's tallest volcanic debris. Ball's Pyramid is part of the Lord Howe Island Marine Park in Australia.

This pyramid is named after its inventor, Lieutenant Henry Lidgbird Ball who discovered in 1788 at the same time he found the Lord Howe Island. The first person who came here believed was Henry Wilkinson in 1882, who is a geologist, Department of Mines of New South Wales. Climb Ball's Pyramid banned in 1982 by amendments to the Act Howe Island, and in 1986 all access to the island was banned by the government Howe Island. In 1990 the policy change and allow some climbing under strict requirements.

In 2001, a team of entomologists and conservationists landed on Balls Pyramid to map the flora and fauna. They were surprised, because there they found a stick insect (Dryococelus australis) which has been declared extinct.

8. Malé, Maldives



Malé is the capital and most populous city in the Republic of Maldives. Geographically located at the southern edge of North Malé Atoll (North Male Atoll). Malé Island is very densely populated, and building-banguna across his land.

Nearly a third of the population lives in the capital city of Maldives, and the population has increased from 20,000 in 1987 to 100,000 in 2006. Many, perhaps even most, are foreign workers in Maldives.

The Island of Malé is the fifth most populous island in the world, and is the island to 168 of the most populous in the world. Because there is no surrounding countryside, the entire infrastructure must be in the city itself. Water supplied from ground water desalinization.

9. Atlantic Ocean Road, Norway



Atlantic Ocean Road or the Atlantic Road is the road along 8.3 kilometers (5.2 mi) from County Road 64 that crosses through an archipelago in Eide and Averoy in More og Romsdal, Norway. This road passes Hustadvika, protected part of the Norwegian Sea, which connects the island with the mainland and the peninsula Romsdalshalvøya Averoy. This road also connects the village Karvag in Averoy and Vevang in Eida.

This road was built on several small islands and skerries, which are connected by several docks, viaducts and eight bridges - the most prominent is Storseisundet bridge.

This road is preserved as a cultural heritage site and is classified as a National Tourist Route. It is a popular site for automotive advertising films, has been declared as the best ride in the world, and has been awarded the title as "Norwegian Construction of the Century".

10. Rock Islands, Palau



Rock Islands, Palau is a small collection of limestone or coral uprises, ancient relics of hard coral reef emerged form the Palau Islands Southern Lagoon, between Koror and Peleliu, and is now part of the territory of Koror. There are between 250 and 300 islands in the group according to different sources, with total area of 47 square kilometers and a height of up to 207 meters. They are a World Heritage Site since 2012.

The islands are largely uninhabited and is famous for its beaches, blue lagoons and odd shape like an umbrella of many islands themselves. Rock Islands and the surrounding reefs makes Palau's popular tourist sites such as Blue Corner, Blue hole, German Channel, Ngermeaus Island and the famous Jellyfish Lake. One of the many lakes in the Rock Islands sea that provides home and security for some kinds of stingless jellyfish found only in Palau.

It is the most popular diving destinations in Palau, and offering the best and most diverse of the dive sites on the planet. Many of the islands' displays such as mushroom shape with a smaller base than what was on it. Curvature derived from erosion and dense community of sponges, bivalves, Kiton, snails, sea urchins and others who play mostly on algae.

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Untuk yang Mulai Besar mari Merendahkan Diri

1. Ini adalah Bumi! Ini adalah dimana kita tinggal.


2. Dan ini adalah di mana kita tinggal di lingkungan kita, tata surya.



3. Berikut jarak, skala, antara Bumi dan bulan. Tidak terlihat terlalu jauh, bukan?



4. PIKIRKAN LAGI!. Di dalam jarak bumi-bulan, dapat ditampung setiap planet di tata surya kita, pas dan rapi.



5. Mari kita bicara tentang planet. Noda hijau kecil di bawah ini adalah Amerika Utara pada Jupiter.



6. Dan inilah ukuran Bumi dibandingkan dengan Saturnus. 6 Bumi dapat mengisi penuh Cincin Saturnus.



7. Dan seperti inilah cincin Saturnus akan terlihat jika mereka berada di sekitar Bumi:



8. Manusia telah berhasil mendaratkan probe pada salah satu komet yaitu Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Dan seperti inilah jika Komet tersebut mendarat di Los Angeles:



9. Tapi itu tidak seberapa dibandingkan dengan matahari kita.



10. Berikut adalah bumi dimana kita berada dilihat dari bulan:



11. Dan Bumi dilihat dari Mars:



12. Kemudian Bumi dilihat dari belakang cincin Saturnus:



13. Dan inilah Bumi dilihat dari luar Neptunus, 4 miliar mil jauhnya.


Mengingatkan kita akan perkataan Carl Sagan: “Semua orang dan segala sesuatu yang kita lihat di Bumi hanyalah sebuah titik biru pucat yang sangat kecil”.


14. Mari kita mundur sedikit. Berikut adalah ukuran Bumi dibandingkan dengan ukuran matahari kita. Menakutkan, bukan?


Matahari bahkan tidak dapat terlihat penuh dalam gambar diatas.


15. Dan inilah matahari dilihat dari permukaan Mars:



16. Tapi itu bukan apa-apa., karena ada lebih banyak bintang di ruang angkasa daripada butiran pasir yang ada di setiap pantai di bumi. Dan matahari kita hanyalah salah satu butiran pasir tersebut:



17. Yang berarti bahwa ada bintang-bintang yang jauh, jauh lebih besar dari matahari kita. Lihat saja bagaimana kecil dan tidak signifikannya matahari kita kita dibandingkan bintang VY Canis Majoris:



18. Bintang raksasa, VY Canis Majoris, besarnya 1,000,000,000 kali lebih besar dari matahari kita:



19. Tapi tak satupun dari mereka bisa dibandingkan dengan ukuran sebuah galaksi. Bahkan, jika kita menyusutkan matahari ke ukuran sel darah putih dan menyusutkan galaksi Bima Sakti dengan skala yang sama, Bima Sakti akan seukuran dengan Amerika Serikat:



20. Itu karena galaksi Bima Sakti sangat besar. Ini adalah galaksi di mana kita tinggal di dalamnya



21. Dan disinilah semua yang pernah anda lihat di langit malam berada:



22. Namun, bahkan galaksi kita adalah kerdil dibandingkan dengan beberapa galaksi lain. Berikut Bima Sakti dibandingkan dengan IC 1011, 350 juta tahun cahaya dari Bumi:



23. Tapi mari kita berpikir “lebih besar”. Gambar ini diambil oleh teleskop Hubble, tiap titik di gambar ini adalah galaksi, ada ribuan dan ribuan galaksi dalam gambar ini, masing-masing berisi jutaan bintang, yang sebagian besar memiliki planet mereka sendiri.



24. Berikut ini adalah salah satu galaksi yang ada pada gambar sebelumnya, UDF 423. Galaksi ini adalah 10 MILIAR tahun cahaya jauhnya. Ketika kita melihat gambar ini, kita melihat miliaran tahun ke masa lalu.



25. Dan ingatlah ini – Gambar no. 23 hanyalah bagian yang sangat sangat kecil dari alam semesta. Ini hanya sebagian kecil yang tidak signifikan dari langit malam.



26. Dan, Anda tahu, bahwa ada beberapa lubang hitam di luar sana. Berikut adalah ukuran lubang hitam dibandingkan dengan orbit Bumi



Jadi jika lain kali anda merasa besar dan sombong maka ingatlah …


Ini adalah rumah Anda.



Inilah yang terjadi ketika Anda perluas pandangan anda (zoom out) dari rumah Anda ke tata surya Anda



Dan ini adalah apa yang terjadi ketika Anda perluas lagi pandangan Anda lebih jauh …



Dan lebih jauh …



Lebih jauh lagi



Dan lebih jauh lagi …



Terus lebih jauh …



Dan ini dia. Ini adalah segala sesuatu di alam semesta yang teramati, dan di sini adalah tempat Anda di dalamnya. Hanya mikroba yang sangat sangat kecil dalam ‘botol’ raksasa.



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